Estimation the Total Flavonoid, Reductive Ability, Free Radical Scavenging Potentials and Reactive Oxygen Species Reduction (in vivo) of Ginkgo biloba Ethanolic Extract

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a pathological condition characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the body's antioxidant defenses. This imbalance can lead to cellular damage and has been implicated in various disease states. Ginkgo biloba, a widely studied medicinal plant, is known to possess potent antioxidant properties due to its phytochemical composition. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant activity and protective effects of Ginkgo biloba ethanolic extract (GB-EE). The total flavonoid content of the extract was determined, and its free radical scavenging ability and reducing power were assessed. GB-EE exhibited a concentration-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an IC₅₀ of 19.45 µg/mL, comparable to the positive control, ascorbic acid. Additionally, the extract demonstrated moderate reduction ability, as evidenced by its ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Furthermore, in vivo studies on mice revealed that GB-EE treatment protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, significantly reducing malondialdehyde levels and restoring glutathione concentrations in the kidney and liver tissues. These findings suggest that GB-EE possesses potent antioxidant properties and can exert a protective effect against oxidative damage, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications.